Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): (Regular Issue in Progress)
Review Article

Social Media, Society, and Sustainable Development: Identifying Opportunities and Challenges through Bibliometric Analysis and Social Media Review

PDF
Jaydip De
Barasat Government College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Flowchart of the Primary Concerns and the Methods Followed
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48088/ejg.j.de.16.2.009.025
Categories

Published 2025-02-22

Keywords

  • Social media,
  • Society,
  • Sustainable Development,
  • Social Networking,
  • Users and Platforms

How to Cite

De, Jaydip. 2025. “Social Media, Society, and Sustainable Development: Identifying Opportunities and Challenges through Bibliometric Analysis and Social Media Review”. European Journal of Geography 16 (2):9-25. https://doi.org/10.48088/ejg.j.de.16.2.009.025.

Copyright (c) 2025 Jaydip De

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Received 2024-11-18
Accepted 2025-02-09
Published 2025-02-22

Abstract

The term 'social media, society, and sustainable development' is widely used to describe the impact of digital media on the sustainability of living space. The growing use of the internet and mobile devices has highlighted the importance of social media in building new groups and driving social change. It investigates the role of social media in promoting sustainable development. The goal is to identify the scholarly concerns and community behaviours regarding the opportunities and challenges of social media on sustainable development. Therefore, systematic evaluation literature was applied to compare global and local settings using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The literature assessment shows a constant increase in scholarly publications, highlighting important links between society, social media, and sustainability. Social media reviews of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube suggest that people understand how to use social networking to support spatial sustainability. Still, better use of social media is required to prevent negative consequences such as gentrification, the digital divide, and the identity crisis. Furthermore, in pursuit of sustainable development goals, the article focuses on micro-initiatives and increasing the productivity of online social media users and platforms.

Highlights:

  • It investigates the role of virtual media in ensuring sustainability.
  • The study is based on synthetic bibliometric analysis using PRISMA.
  • Keyword search has shown the relationship between sustainable development with society.
  • Social media initiatives are mostly focusing on generalized aspects of SDG.
PDF

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Abbas Naqvi, M. H., Jiang, Y., Miao, M., & Naqvi, M. H. (2020). The effect of social influence, trust, and entertainment value on social media use: Evidence from Pakistan. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1723825. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1723825
  2. Abelha, M., Fernandes, S., Mesquita, D., Seabra, F., & Ferreira-Oliveira, A. T. (2020). Graduate Employability and Competence Development in Higher Education—A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA. Sustainability, 12(15: 5900). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155900
  3. Adekoya, C. O. (2022). Information literacy, information use and sustainable development of higher education in Nigeria. Information Discovery and Delivery, 50(3), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-04-2021-0048
  4. Adrees, M. S., Sheta, O. E., Omer, M. K., Stiawan, D., & Budiarto, R. (2019). A Framework of Promoting Government Services using Social Media: Sudan E-Government Case Study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1167(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012062
  5. Afolaranmi, A. O., & Amodu, A. A. (2022). Critical Review of Sustainable Peace, Mediative Dialogue and Social Media. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 5(3), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.52589/AJSSHR-34WCGPMN
  6. Akram, W., & Kumar, R. (2017). A Study on Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media on Society. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 5(10), 347-354.
  7. Al Halbusi, H., Hassani, A., & Mosconi, E. (2022). Social Media Technologies’ Use for Competitive Information and Informational Trust and their Effects on Innovation in Industrial SMES. International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions (ICTMOD) (pp. 1-6). Marrakech, Morocco: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMOD52902.2021.9739405
  8. Ali, I., & Zhuang, J. (2007). Inclusive Growth toward a Prosperous Asia: Policy Implications. ERD Working Paper Series, No. 97, 1-33. https://hdl.handle.net/11540/1858
  9. Al-Sartawi, A. M., & Hamdan, A. (2019). Social Media Reporting and Firm Value. In I. O. Pappas, P. Mikalef, Y. K. Dwivedi, L. Jaccheri, J. Krogstie, & M. Mäntymäki (Ed.), Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society in the 21st Century: 18th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2019: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11701 (pp. 356-366). Trondheim, Norway: Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29374-1_29
  10. Amedie, J. (2015). The Impact of Social Media on Society. Advanced Writing: Pop Culture Intersections, 1-19. http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/2
  11. Balan, A. (2023). Examining the ethical and sustainability challenges of legal education’s AI revolution. International Journal of the Legal Profes-sion, 31(3), 323–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2024.2421179
  12. Barnes, T. J., & Wilson, M. W. (2014). Big Data, social physics, and spatial analysis: The early years. Big Data & Society, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714535365
  13. Blacklinko. (2023). How Many People Use Twitter in 2022? [New Twitter Stats]. https://backlinko.com/twitter-users
  14. Boy, J. D., & Uitermark, J. (2016). How to Study the City on Instagram. PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0158161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158161
  15. Bridge, G., Armstrong, B., Reynolds, C., Wang, C., Schmidt, X., Kause, A., Ffoulkes, C., Krawczyk, C., Miller, G., Serjeant, S., & Oakden, L. (2021). Engaging citizens in sustainability research: comparing survey recruitment and responses between Facebook, Twitter and qualtrics. British Food Journal, 123(9), 3116-3132. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-06-2020-0498
  16. Bronsvoort, I., & Uitermark, J. L. (2022). Seeing the street through Instagram. Digital platforms and the amplification of gentrification. Urban Studies, 59(14), 2857–2874. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211046539
  17. Business of Apps. (2023 a, January 9). YouTube Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023). YouTube annual users 2010 to 2021 (bn). https://www.businessofapps.com/data/youtube-statistics/
  18. Business of Apps. (2023 b, January 31). LinkedIn Usage and Revenue Statistics (2023). https://www.businessofapps.com/data/linkedin-statistics/
  19. Calcagni, F., Maia, A. T., Connolly, J. J., & Langemeyer, J. (2019). Digital co construction of relational values: understanding the role of social media for sustainability. Sustainability Science, 14, 1309–1321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1162 5-019-00672 -1
  20. Capello, M. A., Cox, D., & Battalora, L. B. (2022). Social Media and the Oil & Gas Sector: Challenges and Opportunities. SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition, SPE-210172-MS. Houston, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.2118/210172-MS
  21. Chen, M. (2021). Corporate Responsibility and Future Education Development in the Era of Information Technology. 4th International Confer-ence on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (pp. 770–774). ACM Digital Library. https://doi.org/10.1145/3482632.3483014
  22. Chen, W.-K., Riantama, D., & Chen, L.-S. (2021). Using a text mining approach to hear voices of customers from social media toward the fast-food restaurant industry. Sustainability, 13(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010268
  23. Chin, A., & Jacobsson, T. (2016). TheGoals. Org: Mobile global education on the sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 123, 227-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.061
  24. Curley, M., & Salmelin, B. (2018). Open Innovation 2.0: The New Mode of Digital Innovation for Prosperity and Sustainability. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62878-3
  25. Czarnecka, M., Kinelski, G., Stefańska, M., Grzesiak, M., & Budka, B. (2022). Social Media Engagement in Shaping Green Energy Business Models. Energies, 15(5), 1727. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051727
  26. De Luca, F., Iaia, L., Mehmood, A., & Vrontis, D. (2022: a). Can social media improve stakeholder engagement and communication of Sustainable Development Goals? A cross-country analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121525
  27. De Luca, F., Iaia, L., Mehmood, A., & Vrontis, D. (2022: b). Corrigendum to “Can social media improve stakeholder engagement and communica-tion of Sustainable Development Goals? A cross-country analysis”. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 182(121853).
  28. De, J. (2023 a). Rethinking Environmental Governance: Exploring the Sustainability Potential in India. In P. Singh, Y. Milshina, A. Batalhão, S. Sharma, & M. M. Hanafiah (Eds.), The Route Towards Global Sustainability: Challenges and Management Practices (pp. 1-24). Cham, Switzer-land: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10437-4_1
  29. De, J. (2023 b). Governance of Urban Infrastructure in India: Exploring the Approaches, Attributes, and Opportunities Towards Sustainability. Global Social Welfare. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40609-023-00306-6
  30. De, J., & Chatterjee, S. (2018). Determinants and Impressions of Online Social Networks on Adolescent School Children: A Study of Greater Kol-kata Region, India. Transactions of the Institute of Indian Geographers, 40(2), 259-270. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaydip-De
  31. ElAlfy, A., Darwish, K. M., & Weber, O. (2020). Corporations and sustainable development goals communication on social media: Corporate social responsibility or just another buzzword? Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1418-1430. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2095
  32. Franco-Riquelme, J. N., & Rubalcaba, L. (2021). Innovation and SDGs through Social Media Analysis: Messages from FinTech Firms. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(165), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030165
  33. Galiano-Coronil, A., Jiménez-Marín, G., Elías Zambrano, R., & Tobar-Pesántez, L. B. (2021). Communication, Social Networks and Sustainable Development Goals: A Reflection From the Perspective of Social Marketing and Happiness Management in the General Elections in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 743361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743361
  34. Gazi, A. I., Rahaman, M. A., Rabb, M. F., Masum, M., Nabi, M. N., & Senathirajah, A. b. (2024). The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Communica-tion among Individuals: Prospects and Problems. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(11), 1-22. https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/viewFile/2979/1606
  35. George, E. R. (2021). Shareholder Activism and Stakeholder Engagement Strategies: Promoting Environmental Justice, Human Rights, and Sustain-able Development Goals. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3831562
  36. Giacomini, D., Rocca, L., Zola, P., & Mazzoleni, M. (2021). Local Governments’ environmental disclosure via social networks: Organizational legit-imacy and stakeholders’ interactions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 317(1), 128290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128290
  37. GMI. (2023). YouTube User Statistics 2023. https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/youtube-users-statistics/
  38. Greenhow, C., & Lewin, C. (2015). Social media and education: reconceptualizing the boundaries of formal and informal learning. Learning, Me-dia and Technology, 41(1), 6-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2015.1064954
  39. Grover, P., Kar, A. K., Gupta, S., & Modgil, S. (2021). Influence of political leaders on sustainable development goals – insights from twitter. Jour-nal of Enterprise Information, 34(6), 1893-1916. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-07-2020-0304
  40. Gupta, G., & Gupta, P. (2019). Twitter mining for sentiment analysis in tourism industry. Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security and Sustainability, WorldS4 2019. 19: 8903940, pp. 302-306. London, UK: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WorldS4.2019.8903940
  41. Hernandez, A. A., Escolano, V. J., Juanatas, R. A., & Elvambuena, M. D. (2022). Social Media Use, Organizational Performance and Sustainability: Insights from Small and Medium Enterprises in the Philippines. 7th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR). Bangkok, Thailand: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBIR54589.2022.9786462
  42. Herrada-Lores, S., Palazon, M., Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A., & Estrella-Ramon, A. (2024). The communication of sustainability on social media: the role of dialogical communication. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-10-2023-0372
  43. Huq, M. E., Sarker, M. N., Prasad, P., Kormoker, T., Hossain, M. A., Rahman,, M. M., & Al Dughairi, A. A. (2021). Resilience for Disaster Manage-ment: Opportunities and Challenges. In G. M. Alam, M. O. Erdiaw-Kwasie, G. J. Nagy, & W. L. Filho (Eds.), Climate Vulnerability and Resilience in the Global South (pp. 425-442). Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77259-8_22
  44. Hysa, B., Karasek, A., & Zdonek, I. (2021). Social Media Usage by Different Generations as a Tool for Sustainable Tourism Marketing in Society 5.0 Idea. Sustainability, 13(3, 1018), 2-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031018
  45. Ilieva, R. T., & McPhearson, T. (2018). Social-media data for urban sustainability. Nature Sustainability, 553–565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0153-6
  46. Jaques, C., Islar, M., & Lord, G. (2019). Post-Truth: Hegemony on Social Media and Implications for Sustainability Communication. Sustainability, 11(7)(2110), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072120
  47. Jenkins, E. L., Brennan, L., Molenaar, A., & McCaffrey, T. A. (2022). Exploring the application of social media in food waste campaigns and inter-ventions: A systematic scoping review of the academic and grey literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 360, 132068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132068
  48. Jha, A. K., & Verma, N. K. (2022). Social Media Sustainability Communication: An Analysis of Firm Behaviour and Stakeholder Responses. Infor-mation Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10257-6
  49. Jiaqi, Y., Teo, B. S.-X., Tingting, L., & Jiaxun, Z. (2021). Influence of social media marketing in building relationship between brand loyalty of tour-ism products and products service quality. E3S Web of Conferences, 251, 03006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103006
  50. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
  51. Karim, N., Othman, H., Zain, Z. I., Rosli, Y., Wahab, M. A., Al Kanta, A. M., Omar, S., & Sahani, M. (2022). Climate Change and Environmental Edu-cation: Stance from Science Teachers. Sustainability, 14(24), 16618. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416618
  52. Khourdifi, Y., & Bahaj, M. (2020). Analyzing Social Media Opinions Using Hybrid Machine Learning Model Based on Artificial Neural Network Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization. In M. Ezziyyani (Ed.), Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD’2019). AI2SD 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, ( Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC,volume 1105) ed., Vol. 4, pp. 123-131). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36674-2_13
  53. Killian, S., Lannon, J., Murray, L., Avram, G., Giralt, M., & O'Riordan, S. (2019). Social Media for Social Good: Student engagement for the SDGs. The International Journal of Management Education, 17(3, 100307), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100307
  54. Knupfer, H., Neureiter, A., & Matthes, J. (2023). From social media diet to public riot? Engagement with “greenfluencers” and young social media users' environmental activism. Computers in Human Behavior, 139, 107527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107527
  55. Korneeva, E., Strielkowski, W., Krayneva, R., & Sherstobitova, A. (2022). Social Health and Psychological Safety of Students Involved in Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113928
  56. Kurniawati, E., Kohar, U. A., & Pirzada, K. (2022). Change or Destroy: the Digital transformation of Indonesian MSMEs to Achieve Sustainable Economu. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 26(2), 248-264. https://doi.org/0.17512/pjms.2022.26.2.15
  57. Labonte, R. (2016). Health promotion in an age of normative equity and rampant inequality. International Journal of Health Policy and Manage-ment, 5(12), 675–682. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2016.95
  58. Laxmita, N. A., Setyaningsih, W., & Purwani, O. (2021). Sustainable rural tourism development in the era of social media shape identities and discourse digital settings. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 778(1). Bristol. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/778/1/012010
  59. Li, Q., Wei, W., Xiong, N., Feng, D., Ye, X., & Jiang, Y. (2017). Social Media Research, Human Behavior, and Sustainable Society. Sustainability, 9(3)(384). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030384
  60. Lindsay, B. R. (2011). Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations. Congressional Research Service.
  61. Liu, J. (2022). A public opinion monitoring system based on big data technology. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Everything (AIE) (pp. 368-372). Lefkosa, Cyprus: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIE57029.2022.00077
  62. Loiseau, E., & Nowacka, K. (2015). Can social media effectively include women's voices in decision-making processes. Paris: Organisation for Eco-nomic Cooperation and Development.
  63. Lopez-Concepcion, A., Gil-Lacruz, A. I., & Saz-Gil, I. (2022). Stakeholder engagement, Csr development and Sdgs compliance: A systematic review from 2015 to 2021. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2170
  64. Lupșa-Tătaru, D. A., & Lixăndroiu , R. (2022). YouTube Channels, Subscribers, Uploads and Views: A Multidimensional Analysis of the First 1700 Channels from July 2022. Sustainability, 14(20), 13112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013112
  65. Mao, J. (2014). Social media for learning: A mixed methods study on high school students’ technology affordances and perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.002
  66. Marzouki, A., Chouikh, A., Mellouli, S., & Haddad, R. (2021). From Sustainable Development Goals to Sustainable Cities: A Social Media Analysis for Policy-Making Decision. Sustainability, 13(15), 8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158136
  67. Mawela, T. (2016). Exploring the role of social media in the G2C relationship: A South African perspective. Information Development, 33(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666916639743
  68. Miller, H. J. (2017). Geographic information science II: Mesogeography: Social physics, GIScience and the quest for geographic knowledge. Pro-gress in Human Geography, 42(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517712154
  69. Miniwatts Marketing Group. (2023, January 21). Internet Growth Statistics: Today's road to e-Commerce and Global Trade. Internet World States: Usage and Population Statistics. https://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm
  70. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Research Methods & Reporting, BMJ 2009;339:b2535, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
  71. Molnár, A., & Urbanovics, A. (2020). The role of e-democracy in Italy and Hungary. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(3), 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2020-0010
  72. Moore, H. L. (2015). Global Prosperity and Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of International Development, 27, 801–815. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3114
  73. Munawir, Fujianti, L. N., Koerniawan, M. D., & Dewancker, B. (2021). Text Mining by Social Network Data towards Developing Attractiveness of Urban Park. Case Study: Thematic Parks in Bandung City, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 738(1). Indone-sia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012057
  74. Munzel, A., Meyer-Waarden, L., & Galan, J.-P. (2018). The social side of sustainability: Well-being as a driver and an outcome of social relation-ships and interactions on social networking sites. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 130, 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.031
  75. Nguyen, V. T., Han, H., & Sahito, N. (2019). Role of Urban Public Space and the Surrounding Environment in Promoting Sustainable Development from the Lens of Social Media. Sustainability, 11(21), 5967. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215967
  76. Nik-Bakht, M., & El-Diraby, T. E. (2016). Sus-tweet-ability: Exposing public community׳s perspective on sustainability of urban infrastructure through online social media. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 89, 54-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.11.002
  77. Nwachukwu, R. U., Agboeze, M. U., Ugwunnadi, C. M., & Ugwueze, M. O. (2021). Social Media: An Adult Education Approach for Improving the Environmental Awareness of Timber Merchants in Udenu, Enugu State. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 730(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/730/1/012022
  78. Olivé, J. C., García, R. F., Ionescu, V., Pulido, C., & Sordé-Martí, T. (2017). Identifying the Relevance of Research Goals through Collecting Citizens’ Voices on Social Media. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 70-102. https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2017.2652
  79. Oxford University Press. (2023). Social Media. Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/social-media
  80. Palmer, S., & Udawatta, N. (2019). Characterising “Green Building” as a topic in Twitter. Construction Innovation, 19(4), 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-02-2018-0007
  81. Piatrov, I. (2020). Generation Y communication preferences of environmental topics on social networks. Proceedings of the 7th European Confer-ence on Social Media, ECSM 2020, (pp. 206-211). Lanarca, Cyprus. https://doi.org/10.34190/ESM.20.053
  82. Pulido, C. M., Redondo-Sama, G., Sordé-Martí, T., & Flecha, R. (2018). Social impact in social media: A new method to evaluate the social impact of research. PLoS ONE, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203117
  83. Pulido, C. M., Ruiz-Eugenio, L., Redondo-Sama, G., & Villarejo-Carballido, B. (2020). A New Application of Social Impact in Social Media for Over-coming Fake News in Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2430), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072430
  84. Rathinam, F., Khatua, S., Siddiqui, Z., Malik, M., Duggal, P., Watson, S., & Vollenweide, X. (2021). Using big data for evaluating development out-comes: A systematic map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3), 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1149
  85. Rezníčková, M., & Zaušková, A. (2020). Use of social media in the presentation of eco-innovations of Slovak businesses. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2020, (pp. 232-239). Lanarca, Cyprus. https://doi.org/10.34190/ESM.20.049
  86. Rodrigues, U. M., & Niemann, M. (2017). Social Media as a Platform for Incessant Political Communication: A Case Study of Modi’s “Clean India” Campaign. International Journal of Communication, 11, 3431–3453. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6727
  87. Seargeant, P., & Tagg, C. (2019). Social media and the future of open debate: A user-oriented approach to Facebook’s filter bubble conundrum. Discourse, Context & Media, 27, 41-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2018.03.005
  88. Shao, Z., Sumari, N. S., Portnov, A., Ujoh, F., Musakwa, W., & Mandela, P. J. (2021). Urban sprawl and its impact on sustainable urban develop-ment: a combination of remote sensing and social media data. Geo-spatial Information Science, 24(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1787800
  89. Sherlock, T. (2011). Who should manage your social media strategy? Physician Executive, 37(2), 68-72. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tom-Sherlock/publication/
  90. Siddiqui, S., & Singh, T. (2016). Social Media its Impact with Positive and Negative Aspects. International Journal of Computer Applications Tech-nology and Research, 5(2), 71 - 75. www.ijcat.com
  91. Simionescu, M., Horváthová, Z., Kovshun, N., & Kushnir, N. (2020). Social media, sustainability, and environmental protection in sustainable education. In W. Strielkowski, E. Animitsa, & E. Dvoryadkina (Ed.), First Conference on Sustainable Development: Industrial Future of Territories (IFT 2020), 208, 09002, pp. 1-9. Yekaterinburg, Russia. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020809002
  92. Singh, P., Kaur, S., Baabdullah, A. M., Dwivedi, Y. K., Sharma, S., Sawhney, R. S., & Das, R. (2022). Is #SDG13 Trending Online? Insights from Cli-mate Change Discussions on Twitter. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10348-4
  93. Słupińska, K., Wieruszewski , M., Szczypa, P., Kożuch, A., & Adamowicz, K. (2022). Social Media as Support Channels in Communication with Society on Sustainable Forest Management. Forests, 13(10), 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101696
  94. Smaniotto, C., Brunelli , L., Miotto , E., Pin , M. D., Ruscio, E., & Parpinel, M. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals and 2030 Agenda—Survey on Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes of Italian Teachers of Public Mandatory Schools, 2021. Sustainability, 14(22), 7469. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127469
  95. Statista. (2022, December 14). Number of Twitter users worldwide from 2019 to 2024 (in millions). Social Media & User-Generated Content. https://www.statista.com/statistics/303681/twitter-users-worldwide/#:~:text=As%20of%20December%202022%2C%20Twitter's,five%20percent%20compared%20to%202022.
  96. Statista. (2023 a, February 13). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 4th quarter 2022 (in millions). Social Media & User-Generated Content. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/#:~:text=How%20many%20users%20does%20Facebook,used%20online%20social%20network%20worldwide.
  97. Statista. (2023 b, February 15). Number of Instagram users worldwide from 2020 to 2025 (in billions). Social Media & User-Generated Content. https://www.statista.com/statistics/183585/instagram-number-of-global-users/
  98. Statista. (2023 c). Number of monthly active Instagram users from January 2013 to December 2021 (in millions). Social Media & User-Generated Content. https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-active-instagram-users/
  99. Statista. (2023 d). Countries with the largest digital populations in the world as of January 2023 (in millions). Demographics & Use. https://www.statista.com/statistics/262966/number-of-internet-users-in-selected-countries/
  100. Stevens, T. M., Aarts, N., Termeer, C. A., & Dewulf, A. (2016). Social media as a new playing field for the governance of agro-food sustainability. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 18, 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.11.010
  101. Supriadi, D., Agustin, H., & Sirait, R. A. (2018). The Role of Online and Social Media Communications in Building Environmental Myths. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1114(1: 12067), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1114/1/012067
  102. Tang, L., Duan, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Toward using social media to support ridesharing services: challenges and opportunities. Transportation Planning and Technology, 42(4), 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2019.1600242
  103. Thadani, D., Li, L., & Chan, F. S. (2020). Online Social Media—A Vehicle for City Branding in China: The Case of Sponge City Program (SCP). In F. S. Chan, H. K. Chan, T. Zhang, & M. Zu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Resource Sustainability: Sustainable Urbanisa-tion in the BRI Era (icRS Urbanisation 2020) (pp. 381-389). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9605-6_26
  104. Tjoa, A. M., & Tjoa, S. (2016). The Role of ICT to Achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In F. J. Mata, & A. Pont (Eds.), ICT for Promoting Human Development and Protecting the Environment, WITFOR 2016, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (Vol. 481, pp. 3-13). Switzerland: Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5 1
  105. UNDP. (2022). Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals#affordable-and-clean-energy
  106. Varjas, J. (2022). The Presence of Sustainability in Hungarian Geography Textbooks. European Journal of Geography, 13(1), 22-46. https://doi.org/https://www.eurogeojournal.eu/index.php/egj/article/view/258
  107. Venegas-Vera, A. V., Colbert, G. B., & Lerma, E. V. (2020). Positive and negative impact of social media in the COVID-19 era. Reviews in Cardiovas-cular Medicine, 21(4), 561–564. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.195
  108. Waloejo, B. S., Ari, I. D., Anggraeni , M., Zakiyah, D. M., & Alfiah, R. (2018). Role of social media towards flood disaster adaptation in Bojonegoro region of East Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 200:1(12049), pp. 1-7. Solo City, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/202/1/012049
  109. Wandhöfer, T., Taylor, S., Walland, P., Geana, R., Weichselbaum, R., Fernandez, M., & Sizov, S. (2012). Determining Citizens’ Opinions About Stories in the News Media: Analysing Google, Facebook and Twitter. eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government (JeDEM), 4(2), 198-221. https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/issue/view/8
  110. Wang, Y., Wang, T., Ye, X., Zhu, J., & Lee, J. (2016). Using Social Media for Emergency Response and Urban Sustainability: A Case Study of the 2012 Beijing Rainstorm. Sustainability, 8(25), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010025
  111. Warntz, W. (1959). Geography at Mid-Twentieth Century. World Politics, 11(3), 442-454. https://doi.org/10.2307/2009203
  112. Williams, L., Johnson, E., & Patterson, J. E. (2013). The Appropriate Use and Misuse of Social Media in MFT Training Programs: Problems and Prevention. Contemporary Family Therapy, 35, 698–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-013-9256-4
  113. Xavier, R. F., & Campbell, D. F. (2014). The Effects of Cyberdemocracy on the Middle East: Egypt and Iran. In E. G. Carayannis, D. J. Campbell, & M. P. Efthymiopoulos (Eds.), Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy and Cyber-Defense: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications for Theory, Policy and Practice (pp. 147-173). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1028-1
  114. Zdnet. (2012, May 1). Instagram passes 50 million users. https://www.zdnet.com/article/instagram-passes-50-million-users/
  115. Zeng, B., & Gerritsen, R. (2014). What do we know about social media in tourism? A review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 10, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001
  116. Zhong, M., Lu, F., Zhu, Y., & Chen, J. (2022). What Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosures Do Chinese Forestry Firms Make on Social Media? Evidence from WeChat. Forests, 13(11), 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13111842