Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): Regular Issue (In Progress)
Review Article

How Do Road Networks Impact Land Use/Land Cover Change? A PRISMA-Guided Analysis

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Ali Younes
Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India | Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Tartous University, Tartous, Tartous, Syria
Asima Nusrath
Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Proposed conceptual framework for understanding Road–LULC Relationship
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48088/ejg.a.you.17.1.231.259
Categories

Published 2026-07-08

Keywords

  • Land-Use/Land-Cover,
  • Transportation Infrastructure,
  • Road-Effect Zone,
  • Accessibility,
  • Governance,
  • PRISMA,
  • Sustainable Development,
  • Road Networks
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Younes, Ali, and Asima Nusrath. 2026. “How Do Road Networks Impact Land Use/Land Cover Change? A PRISMA-Guided Analysis”. European Journal of Geography 17 (1):231-59. https://doi.org/10.48088/ejg.a.you.17.1.231.259.

Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Younes, Asima Nusrath

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Received 2026-02-09
Accepted 2026-07-05
Published 2026-07-08

Abstract

Transportation infrastructure promotes economic growth but causes environmental degradation, highlighting conflicts in sustainable development. As human activity intensifies pressure on land resources, understanding how roads influence land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is essential for balancing development with environmental protection. This review consolidates findings from 2010 to 2025, following PRISMA guidelines, and synthesises evidence from 79 studies across five continents on the impacts of roads on five different LULC categories. The thematic synthesis examines road-effect zones, LULC impact patterns, and the geographic and institutional factors influencing their variability. The results confirm that road networks accelerate LULC change, driving agricultural land conversion, forest fragmentation, built-up expansion, and waterbodies degradation. Road-effect zones range from 100 m in regulated landscapes to over 10,000 m in frontier regions, suggesting that standardised buffer guidelines may not fully capture observed impacts. Furthermore, the review introduces a mediation–moderation framework in which accessibility mediates, and distance from roads, development stage, and governance capacity moderate road-induced LULC outcomes. These findings challenge traditional infrastructure models, especially in developing countries, emphasizing that sustainable progress requires governance-enabling strategies. These should integrate land-use regulation, environmental enforcement, and institutional capacity with physical construction as prerequisites for sustainable infrastructure, rather than just relying on reactive mitigation.

Highlights:

  • Roads represent development ambitions but entail serious socio-ecological trade-offs.
  • Roads drive agricultural conversion, urban expansion, forest and waterbodies degradation.
  • Road-effect zones range from 100 m in regulated landscapes to >10,000 m in frontier areas.
  • Road-LULC relationship is mediated by accessibility, and moderated by development and governance.
  • A mediation–moderation framework is proposed, generating testable hypotheses for future studies.
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